Vibratory electromagnetic drive



April 1967 v. I. YAKUBOVICH VIBRATORY ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE Filed Nov. 26, 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 25, 1957 v. I.,YAKUBOVICH 3,315,793

VIBRATORY ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE 4 Sheets-Shget 2 Filed Nov. 26, 1965 April 25, 1967 v. YAKUBOVICH VIBRATORY ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Nov 26, 1965 p 5, 1967 v. 1. YAKUBOVICH. 3,315,793

VIBRATORY ELECTROMAGNET IC DRI VB Filed NOV. 26, 1965 III I III 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 United States Patent Ofiice 3,315,?93 Patented Apr. 25, 1957 3,315,793 VIBRATQRY ELETROMAGNETIC DRIEE Vladimir Iosif'ovieh Yalrubovich, 2 Obydevslry per. 13, kv. 2, Moscow, USSR. Filed Nov. 26, 1965, Ser. No. 509,895 Claims. (Cl. 198220) This invention relates to electromagnetic vibratory drives intended mainly for vibratory feed hoppers employed for the transportation of miscellaneous articles, such as lump and bulk materials along a circumference spiral, helical line or circular helix.

There are known electromagnetic vibratory drives made as a base resting on shock-absorbers, the base carrying resilient rods inclined at a certain angle in relation to the vertical axis and fastened along the periphery of the base, said resilient rods supporting a traverse for working members to be mounted thereon, for example, a cup of the feed hopper.

The vibration generator in this case is an electromagnet whose core is fastened to the base and the armature to the traverse.

The vibratory drives of this type ensure oscillations of the traverse and, consequently, those of the working member along a pre-set fixed helical trajectory, the only adjustable characteristic being the amplitude of oscillations.

The known vibratory drives with the controllable angle of inclination of the resilient rods have failed to gain industrial application, owing to their complicated adjustment and poor operating reliability, their employment being restricted to laboratory work only.

The common drawback of the known electromagnetic drives is the impossibility to vary the angle of inclination of the resilient supporting rods, when the drive is running, or even after it has been stopped. In other Words, this makes it impossible to adjust the ratio of the amplitude of component oscillations of the traverse along the vertical axis of the amplitude of component oscillations of the traverse about the vertical axis. Furthermore, these drives ensure only the simplest trajectory of oscillations of the traverse, the projection of this trajectory in the vertical plane being a straight line. In the majority of cases, this trajectory is not the most effective one.

These drawbacks of the known electromagnetic vibratory drives render impossible the selection of an optimum duty of the movement or" articles and bulk materials, which greatly restricts the process possibilities of such vibratory devices and impairs their output capacity.

An object of this invention is to eliminate the abovementioned drawbacks and to develop a vibratory electromagnetic drive which while running for separate control of the oscillation amplitudes of the working members with respect to components along and about the vertical axis, which also makes possible the adjustment of the angle of the phase shift between the two components of oscillations.

Combined control of the amplitudes of component oscillations, and of the angle of phase shift between them while the equipment is in actual operation, i.e., selection of the optimum trajectory of oscillations of the working member, considerably increases the process possibilities of the vibratory devices and improves their operating capacity.

This object is achieved, according to this invention, through the use of the resilient members made as two resilient suspensions placed in succession one on the other and forming, in combination with the base, traverse and connecting members, two interconnected resilient vibratory systems. One of the resilient vibratory systems should be stiff to resist the force directed along the vertical axis, but should yield to the torque applied to the vertical axis. This system is intended to ensure oscillations of the working members about the vertical axis. The second resilient vibratory system should be stiff to the effect of the torque applied to the vertical axis, but should yield to the force applied along the vertical axis. This system is intended to ensure oscillations of the working members along the vertical axis.

Since the two resilient systems are installed one on the other and are rigidly interconnected, their finite vibrating masses (i.e., the traverse and the base, and, consequently, the working members which, as it is known, can be installed not only on the traverse, but also on the base) will have a sum of component oscillations along and about the vertical axis.

Theoretically, any of the two resilient vibratory sysems can be installed one on the other. However, it is preferable that the system ensuring oscillations along the vertical axis be mounted on the system which ensures oscillations about the vertical axis.

The oscillations of each of the two resilient vibratory systems are generated and maintained by independent electromagnetic exciters operated on alternating or pulsating current and furnished with means for controlling the intensity of the magnetic flux. This provides for independent control of the amplitude of each of the component oscillations of the working member along and about the vertical axis.

In order to control the angle of the phase shift between the oscillations of the working member along and about the vertical axis (for example, the electric circuit of the electromagnetic exciter), at least one of the resilient vibratory systems should incorporate a device ensuring the required variation of the angle of the phase shift between the amplitudes of the magnetic fluxes of the electromagnetic exciters in both resilient vibratory systerns.

lations, autotransformers or variable resistors can be used, while the angle of phase shift can be controlled by means of a phase regulator, phase inverter, and other known devices.

If the mode of oscillations along and about the vertical axis is of a sinusoidal nature, as regards its time characteristic, as in the case when the resilient vibratory systems are adjusted relatively close to the resonance frequency (i.e., when the fundamental frequency of oscillations of each of the systems does not substantially differ from the frequency of the exciting force), the vibratory drive will ensure any trajectory of oscillations of the working equipment, said trajectories being adjustable while the drive is running, and their projections in the vertical plane corresponding to the Lissajou figures.

In a special case, when the two components of the oscillations have identical frequency, it is possible to obtain the trajectories of the ellipse group suitable for adjustment while the drive is in operation, and comprising the extremum forms of the ellipse family namely, circular and rectilinear ones.

Elliptical trajectories are very advantageous for the processes of vibratory transportation and vibratory separation.

The drive can also be embodied without the phase control device, i.e., with the pre-set angle of the phase shift, as based on the respective calculation of the values of the power factor (cos G) of electromagnetic exciters.

In order to increase the load-lifting capacity of the working member of the vibratory device, and also in order to eliminate interference of the two vibratory systems, the natural oscillations of the resilient system ensuring vibration along the vertical axis should be adjusted to a somewhat higher frequency than the natural oscilla- To effect the control of the amplitudes of these osciltions of the resilient system ensuring vibration about the vertical axis. Thus, at a current frequency in the mains of 50 c.p.s. and exciter feed current of one half-period, the fundamental frequency of oscillations of the system can be 5859 c.p.s., for the former system, and 5354 c.p.s., for the latter system.

The vibratory electromagnetic drive in accordance with the invention has practical versatility, its efficiency being especially high in the following cases:

1) when high or extra-low transportation speeds are required;

(2) when an efiicient continuous mode of transportation is required (for example, feed of hard-to-position items, in particular, thin, light-weight and fragile articles);

(3) when an effective mode of transportation of the material in cups is required, the angles of incline of the trough being comparatively large;

(4) for transporting items of different shape and weight, in rnulti-deck and multi-groove cups having, in particular, different angles of incline of the hauling and outlet troughs;

(5) for the transportation of items in liquid media;

(6) for vibratory grinding, polishing, mating and lap- P (7) for efficient transportation of bulk materials, either with fraction separation, or without such;

(8) when the necessary operating duties of the drive are not known in advance;

(9) when the operating duty of the drive is known and can be obtained by using a special drive of the conventional type, but the calculation and designing of such a drive involve unjustifiable waste of time, and high capital expenditures;

(10) when the direction of movement is to be changed.

The objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description and appended drawings, of the drive as shown in several vers1ons:

FIG. 1 is a cross-section of the vibratory electro-magnetic drive, in which the resilient suspension of the vibratory system ensuring oscillations of the working members about the vertical axis is made as a combination of a torsion shaft and a flat spring placed on its edge, while the resilient suspension of the vibratory system ensuring oscillations along the vertical axis is made as a combination of four flat springs placed flatwise.

FIG. 2 is a section taken on line I-I of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the vibratory electro-magnetic drive, in which the resilient suspension of the vibratory system ensuring oscillations of the working members about the vertical axis is made as a torsion shaft;

FIG. 4 is a section taken on line IIII of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the vibratory electromagnetic drive, in which the resilient suspension of the vibratory system ensuring oscillations of the working member about the vertical axis is a combination of two fiat springs placed on their edges;

FIG. 6 is a section taken on line III-1II of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-section of the vibratory electromagnetic drive, in which the resilient vibratory system ensuring oscillations of the working members about the vertical axis is mounted on a resilient vibratory system ensuring oscillations of said members along the vertical axis;

FIG. 8 shows an electric circuit for controlling the electromagnetic exciters of both resilient vibratory systems of the vibratory drive.

The vibratory electromagnetic drive (FIG. 1) is installed on base 1 resting on shock-absorbers 2. Torsion shaft 3 secure-d by its lower end to base 1 is connected by its upper end with coupling 4 through which fiat spring 5 is passed, said spring being placed on its edge and tightly fastened at its center in coupling 4, the ends of the spring being fastened on two stanchions 6 mounted on base 1. Cores 7 of two electromagnets are mounted on base 1 and interact with armatures 8 of the electro- Cir magnets. Armatures 3 are cantilevered in coupling 4 whose upper end face carries four flat springs 9 placed flatwise in a cross-like pattern, the opposite ends of the spring being connected with traverse it) by means of movable clamps 11. The upper end face of coupling 4 carries core 12 of the electromagnet whose armature 13 is coupled with traverse It}. Casing 14 of the electromagnet and traverse 10 support working members 15.

Torsion shaft 3, coupling 4 and flat spring 5 form a vibratory system which ensures oscillations of Working members 15 about the vertical axis, when the electromagnets are energized. To provide for the adjustment of the frequency of oscillations of the system, the ends of spring 5 are fastened in stanchions 6 with the aid of movable clamps 16 (FIG. 2).

Four fiat springs 9 fastened on the upper end face of coupling 4, and traverse 10 form a vibratory system ensuring oscillations of working members 15 along the vertical axis, when the electromagnet is energized. To ensure adjustment of the frequency of oscillations of this system, the ends of springs 9 are fastened to traverse It) with the aid of movable clamps 11.

Electric current is supplied to cores 7 and 12; of the vibratory drive electromagnets in accordance with the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 8. In accordance therewith, electric current is fed from the AC. mains through transformer 19 and rectifier 20 to coils 21 of electromagnet cores 7. From the same mains, electric current is supplied through phase regulator 22, transformer 23 and rectifier 24 to coil 25 of core 12 of the electromagnet. In the described circuit autotransformer 19 serves for controlling the amplitude of oscillations of working members 15 about the vertical axis, and autotransformer 23, serves for controlling the amplitude of oscillations of working members along the vertical axis, this being achieved by varying the voltage fed to coils 21 and 25 of electromagnet cores '7 and 12. Phase regulator 22. is intended for controlling the angle of the phase shift of oscillations of the working members along the vertical axis, in relation to their oscillations about the vertical axis.

A resilient vibratory system which ensures oscillations of working members 15' (FIGS. 34) about the vertical axis can be formed by torsion shaft 3' and coupling 4 connected with the shaft. Fastened to the coupling in a flatwise position are four fiat springs connected with traverse it) by means of movable clamps 11' and forming a resilient vibratory system which ensures oscillations of working members 15' along the vertical axis.

Another embodiment of the invention is possible, in which the resilient vibratory system ensuring oscillations of working members 15 (FIGS. 5 and 6) about the vertical axis comprises coupling 4" and two fiat springs 5" placed on their edges and arranged crosswise one above the other. The centers of springs 5" are secured in coupling 4'', while the ends of the springs are fastened in stanchions 6" installed on base 1" with the aid of movable clamps Id. In this case, four fiat springs 9" are fastened in a fiatwise position on coupling 4", the springs being connected with traverse It) by means of movable clamps 11" and forming a resilient vibratory system which ensures oscillations of working members 15" along the vertical axis.

In still another embodiment of the invention, the resilient vibratory system ensuring oscillations of working members 15 (FIG. 7) along the vertical axis comprises four flat springs 9" fastened in a fiatwise position by their ends to the end face of coupling 4", and by the opposite ends, to stanchions 6 installed on base 1', with the aid of movable clamps 11". In this case, torsion shaft 3 is secured in coupling 4", thus forming a resilient vibratory system ensuring oscillations of working members 15 about the vertical axis.

Parts 1', 2', 7', 8', 12', 13', 14 (FIGS. 3 and 4), Z", 7", 8", 1 .2", 13" (FIGS. 5 and 6) and 2", '7', 3", 12',

14" (FIG. 7) are analogous to the parts with respective numbers in FIGS. 1 and 2.

What is claimed is:

1. A vibratory electromagnetic drive for imparting torsional and axial vibrations to a Working member used to convey materials for vibration, said drive comprising: a base with shock-absorbers; a traverse; a common intermediate rigid member, resilient means connecting said rigid member to said base and to said traverse so as to form two resilient systems, one of which is supported by said base, and the other by said traverse, one of said systems including means enabling torsional vibrations and being stiff with respect to force applied along the longitudinal axis and yielda'ble to a torque acting on said axis, the other resilient system including means enabling axial vibrations and being stiff with respect to the torque applied to said longitudinal axis and yieldable to force directed along said axis; and a pair of electromagnetic exciter means, each being coupled to a respective resilient system to impart torsional and axial vibrations to a working member connected to said traverse.

2. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic exciter means respectively comprises an individual means for controlling the amplitude of its magnetic flux, thereby providing control over the amplitude of the torsional and axial vibrations respectively.

3. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the electromagnetic exciter means comprises means for controlling the relative phase shift of the magnetic fluxes induced by the electromagnetic excite means to control the relative phase shift between the torsional and axial vibrations.

4. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resilient system for axial vibrations is superposed on the resilient system for torsional vibrations.

5. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 4, wherein the means in the system for enabling torsional vibrations comprises a torsion shaft having one of its ends secured to the base and the other end attached to the common intermediate rigid member.

6. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 5, wherein the means in the system for enabling torsional vibrations further comprises one edge-mounted flat spring having a mid-portion secured to the common intermediate rigid member above the torsion shaft and ends movably attached to the base.

7. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 4, wherein the means in the system for enabling torsional vibrations comprises at least two edge-mounted flat springs arranged above each other in a crosswise fashion and having respective mid-portions secured to the common intermediate rigid member and ends movably attached to the base.

8. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 4, wherein the means in the system for enabling axial vibrations comprises at least one side-mounted flat spring in the form of a strip having a mid-portion secured to the common intermediate rigid member and edges secured to the traverse.

9. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 4, wherein the means in the system for enabling axial vibrations comprises at least three side-mounted flat springs, each having one of its ends secured to the common intermediate rigid member and the other end movably attached to the traverse.

10. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resilient system for torsional vibrations is arranged on the resilient system for axial vibrations.

11. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 10, wherein the means in the resilient system for enabling torsional vibrations comprises a torsion shaft having one end secured to the common intermediate rigid member, and the other end attached to the traverse.

12. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 11, wherein the means in the resilient system for enabling torsional vibrations further comprises at least one edge-mounted fiat spring having a portion secured to the common intermediate rigid member below the torsion shaft, and ends movably attached to the traverse.

13. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 10, wherein the means in the resilient system for enabling torsional vibrations further comprises at least two edge-mounted flat springs arranged one above the other in crosswise fashion and having respective mid-portions secured to the common intermediate rigid member, and ends movably attached to the traverse.

14. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 10, wherein the means in the resilient system for enabling axial vibrations comprises at least one sidemounted flat spring in the form of a strip having a midportion secured to the common intermediate rigid member and edges attached to the base.

15. A vibratory electromagnetic drive as claimed in claim 10, wherein the means in the resilient system for enabling axial vibrations comprises at least three sidemounted flat springs, each having one of its ends secured to the common intermediate rigid member and the other end movably attached to the base.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,636,719 4/1953 OConnor ..198-22O EVON C. BLUNK, Primary Examiner.

RICHARD E. AEGERTER, Examiner.

Notice of Adverse Decision in Interference In Interference No. 96,587 involving Patent No. 3,315,793, V. I. Yakubovich, VIBRATORY ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE, final judgment adverse to the patentee was rendered Sept. 27, 1972, as to claims 1-3.

[Ofiicial Gazette November 19, 1.974.] 

1. A VIBRATORY ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE FOR IMPARTING TORSIONAL AND AXIAL VIBRATIONS TO A WORKING MEMBER USED TO CONVEY MATERIALS FOR VIBRATION, SAID DRIVE COMPRISING: A BASE WITH SHOCK-ABSORBERS; A TRAVERSE; A COMMON INTERMEDIATE RIGID MEMBER, RESILIENT MEANS CONNECTING SAID RIGID MEMBER TO SAID BASE AND TO SAID TRAVERSE SO AS TO FORM TWO RESILIENT SYSTEMS, ONE OF WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY SAID BASE, AND THE OTHER BY SAID TRAVERSE, ONE OF SAID SYSTEMS INCLUDING MEANS ENABLING TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS AND BEING STIFF WITH RESPECT TO FORCE APPLIED ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS AND YIELDABLE TO A TORQUE ACTING ON SAID AXIS, THE OTHER RESILIENT SYSTEM INCLUDING MEANS ENABLING AXIAL VIBRATIONS AND BEING STIFF WITH RESPECT TO THE TORQUE APPLIED TO SAID LONGITUDINAL AXIS AND YIELDABLE TO FORCE DIRECTED ALONG SAID AXIS; AND A PAIR OF ELECTROMAGNETIC EX- 